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Amazon SCS-C02 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Security Logging and Monitoring: This topic prepares AWS Security specialists to design and implement robust monitoring and alerting systems for addressing security events. It emphasizes troubleshooting logging solutions and analyzing logs to enhance threat visibility.

Topic 2

Threat Detection and Incident Response: In this topic, AWS Security specialists gain expertise in crafting incident response plans and detecting security threats and anomalies using AWS services. It delves into effective strategies for responding to compromised resources and workloads, ensuring readiness to manage security incidents. Mastering these concepts is critical for handling scenarios assessed in the SCS-C02 Exam.

Topic 3

Infrastructure Security: Aspiring AWS Security specialists are trained to implement and troubleshoot security controls for edge services, networks, and compute workloads under this topic. Emphasis is placed on ensuring resilience and mitigating risks across AWS infrastructure. This section aligns closely with the exam's focus on safeguarding critical AWS services and environments.

Topic 4

Identity and Access Management: The topic equips AWS Security specialists with skills to design, implement, and troubleshoot authentication and authorization mechanisms for AWS resources. By emphasizing secure identity management practices, this area addresses foundational competencies required for effective access control, a vital aspect of the certification exam.

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Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q78-Q83):

NEW QUESTION # 78
A security engineer is checking an AWS CloudFormation template for vulnerabilities. The security engineer finds a parameter that has a default value that exposes an application's API key in plaintext. The parameter is referenced several times throughout the template. The security engineer must replace the parameter while maintaining the ability to reference the value in the template.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST secure way?
{resolve:s3:MyBucketName:MyObjectName}}.

A. Store the API key value in AWS Secrets Manager. In the template, replace all references to the value with { {resolve:secretsmanager:MySecretId:SecretString}}.
B. Store the API key value as a SecureString parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:ssm:MySSMParameterName:I}}.
C. Store the API key value in a new Amazon S3 bucket. In the template, replace all references to the value with {
D. Store the API key value in Amazon DynamoDB. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:dynamodb:MyTableName:MyPrimaryKey}}.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Store the API key value in AWS Secrets Manager. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecretId:SecretString}}.
This answer is correct because AWS Secrets Manager is a service that helps you protect secrets that are needed to access your applications, services, and IT resources. You can store and manage secrets such as database credentials, API keys, and other sensitive data in Secrets Manager. You can also use Secrets Manager to rotate, manage, and retrieve your secrets throughout their lifecycle1. Secrets Manager integrates with AWS CloudFormation, which allows you to reference secrets from your templates using the {{resolve:
secretsmanager:...}} syntax2. This way, you can avoid exposing your secrets in plaintext and still use them in your resources.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. Storing the API key value as a SecureString parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store is not a solution, because AWS CloudFormation does not support references to SecureString parameters.
This means that you cannot use the {{resolve:ssm:...}} syntax to retrieve encrypted parameter values from Parameter Store3. You would have to use a custom resource or a Lambda function to decrypt the parameter value, which adds complexity and overhead to your template.
* C. Storing the API key value in Amazon DynamoDB is not a solution, because AWS CloudFormation does not support references to DynamoDB items. This means that you cannot use the {{resolve:
dynamodb:...}} syntax to retrieve item values from DynamoDB tables4. You would have to use a custom resource or a Lambda function to query the DynamoDB table, which adds complexity and overhead to your template.
* D. Storing the API key value in a new Amazon S3 bucket is not a solution, because AWS CloudFormation does not support references to S3 objects. This means that you cannot use the
{{resolve:s3:...}} syntax to retrieve object values from S3 buckets5. You would have to use a custom resource or a Lambda function to download the object from S3, which adds complexity and overhead to your template.
References:
1: What is AWS Secrets Manager? 2: Referencing AWS Secrets Manager secrets from Parameter Store parameters 3: Using dynamic references to specify template values 4: Amazon DynamoDB 5: Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

NEW QUESTION # 79
A company uses AWS Organizations. The company has teams that use an AWS CloudHSM hardware security module (HSM) that is hosted in a central AWS account. One of the teams creates its own new dedicated AWS account and wants to use the HSM that is hosted in the central account.
How should a security engineer share the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account?

A. Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to create a cross-account rote to access the CloudHSM cluster that is in the central account Create a new IAM user in the new dedicated account Assign the cross-account rote to the new IAM user.
B. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the VPC subnet ID of the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account. Configure the CloudHSM security group to accept inbound traffic from the private IP addresses of client instances in the new dedicated account.
C. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the ID of the HSM that is hosted in the central account with the new dedicated account. Configure the CloudHSM security group to accept inbound traffic from the private IP addresses of client instances in the new dedicated account.
D. Use AWS 1AM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to create an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) token to authenticate from the new dedicated account to the central account. Use the cross-account permissions that are assigned to the STS token to invoke an operation on the HSM in the central account.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudhsm-share-clusters/#:~:text=In%20the%20nav

NEW QUESTION # 80
A company used a lift-and-shift approach to migrate from its on-premises data centers to the AWS Cloud. The company migrated on-premises VMs to Amazon EC2 instances. Now the company wants to replace some of components that are running on the EC2 instances with managed AWS services that provide similar functionality.
Initially, the company will transition from load balancer software that runs on EC2 instances to AWS Elastic Load Balancers. A security engineer must ensure that after this transition, all the load balancer logs are centralized and searchable for auditing. The security engineer must also ensure that metrics are generated to show which ciphers are in use.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the log group. Use the AWS Management Console to search the logs. Create Amazon Athena queries for the required metrics. Publish the metrics to Amazon CloudWatch.
B. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to search the logs that are in the S3 bucket. Create Athena queries for the required metrics. Publish the metrics to Amazon CloudWatch.
C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the log group. Use the CloudWatch Logs console to search the logs. Create CloudWatch Logs filters on the logs for the required metrics.
D. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the load balancers to send logs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to search the logs that are in the S3 bucket. Create Amazon CloudWatch filters on the S3 log files for the required metrics.

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/add_custom_widget_sample s.html

NEW QUESTION # 81
A company has a group of Amazon EC2 instances in a single private subnet of a VPC with no internet gateway attached. A security engineer has installed the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all instances in that subnet to capture logs from a specific application. To ensure that the logs flow securely, the company's networking team has created VPC endpoints for CloudWatch monitoring and CloudWatch logs. The networking team has attached the endpoints to the VPC.
The application is generating logs. However, when the security engineer queries CloudWatch, the logs do not appear.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose three.)

A. Ensure that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other to aggregate logs before sending.
B. Create a NAT gateway in the subnet so that the EC2 instances can communicate with CloudWatch.
C. Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files.
D. Create a metric filter on the logs so that they can be viewed in the AWS Management Console.
E. Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs.
F. Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them.

Answer: C,E,F

Explanation:
The possible steps to troubleshoot this issue are:
A) Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent uses the credentials from the instance profile to communicate with CloudWatch1.
C) Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files. This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent needs to know which log files to monitor and send to CloudWatch2.
D) Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them. This is a necessary step because the VPC endpoint policies control which principals can access the AWS services through the endpoints3.
The other options are incorrect because:
B) Creating a metric filter on the logs is not a troubleshooting step, but a way to extract metric data from the logs. Metric filters do not affect the visibility of the logs in the AWS Management Console.
E) Creating a NAT gateway in the subnet is not a solution, because the EC2 instances do not need internet access to communicate with CloudWatch through the VPC endpoints. A NAT gateway would also incur additional costs.
F) Ensuring that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other is not a necessary step, because the CloudWatch agent does not require log aggregation before sending. Each EC2 instance can send its own logs independently to CloudWatch.
Reference:
1: IAM Roles for Amazon EC2 2: CloudWatch Agent Configuration File: Logs Section 3: Using Amazon VPC Endpoints : Metric Filters : NAT Gateways : CloudWatch Agent Reference: Log Aggregation

NEW QUESTION # 82
A company uses SAML federation to grant users access to AWS accounts. A company workload that is in an isolated AWS account runs on immutable infrastructure with no human access to Amazon EC2. The company requires a specialized user known as a break glass user to have access to the workload AWS account and instances in the case of SAML errors. A recent audit discovered that the company did not create the break glass user for the AWS account that contains the workload.
The company must create the break glass user. The company must log any activities of the break glass user and send the logs to a security team.
Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A. Create a break glass EC2 key pair for the AWS account. Provide the key pair to the security team. Use AWS CloudTraiI to monitor key pair activity. Send notifications to the security team by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).
B. Create a local individual break glass IAM user on the operating system level of each workload instance. Configure unrestricted security groups on the instances to grant access to the break glass IAM users.
C. Configure AWS Systems Manager Session Manager for Amazon EC2. Configure an AWS Cloud Trail filter based on Session Manager. Send the results to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
D. Create a local individual break glass IAM user for the security team. Create a trail in AWS CloudTrail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor local user activities.
E. Create a break glass IAM role for the account. Allow security team members to perform the AssumeRoleWithSAML operation. Create an AWS Cloud Trail trail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor security team activities.

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
The combination of solutions that will meet the requirements are:
A) Create a local individual break glass IAM user for the security team. Create a trail in AWS CloudTrail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor local user activities. This is a valid solution because it allows the security team to access the workload AWS account and instances using a local IAM user that does not depend on SAML federation. It also enables logging and monitoring of the break glass user activities using AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and Amazon EventBridge123.
E) Configure AWS Systems Manager Session Manager for Amazon EC2. Configure an AWS CloudTrail filter based on Session Manager. Send the results to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. This is a valid solution because it allows the security team to access the workload instances without opening any inbound ports or managing SSH keys or bastion hosts. It also enables logging and notification of the break glass user activities using AWS CloudTrail, Session Manager, and Amazon SNS456.
The other options are incorrect because:
B) Creating a break glass EC2 key pair for the AWS account and providing it to the security team is not a valid solution, because it requires opening inbound ports on the instances and managing SSH keys, which increases the security risk and complexity7.
C) Creating a break glass IAM role for the account and allowing security team members to perform the AssumeRoleWithSAML operation is not a valid solution, because it still depends on SAML federation, which might not work in case of SAML errors8.
D) Creating a local individual break glass IAM user on the operating system level of each workload instance and configuring unrestricted security groups on the instances to grant access to the break glass IAM users is not a valid solution, because it requires opening inbound ports on the instances and managing multiple local users, which increases the security risk and complexity9.
Reference:
1: Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account 2: Creating a Trail - AWS CloudTrail 3: Using Amazon EventBridge with AWS CloudTrail 4: Setting up Session Manager - AWS Systems Manager 5: Logging Session Manager sessions - AWS Systems Manager 6: Amazon Simple Notification Service 7: Connecting to your Linux instance using SSH - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud 8: AssumeRoleWithSAML - AWS Security Token Service 9: IAM Users - AWS Identity and Access Management

NEW QUESTION # 83
......

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